OUMAR MAHAMAT1, MOTIKA DELPHINE KEBOTE1, MARC AURELE NDASSI SOUFO2, YOUMBIE DJANCHE DUPLEX BONHEUR1*Â
1Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
2Departement of Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cameroon Evangelic Institute, Bandjoun, Cameroon.Â
*Corresponding author: youmbidjanche@gmail.com, +237677644983.
Received: 24 Aug 2024, Reviewed: 01 Oct 2024, Revised: 28 Oct 2024, Accepted: 29 Oct 2024, Published: 11 Mar 2025
https://doi.org/10.63342/cjbbs2025.432
ABSTRACT
Tetrapleura tetraptera is used in Cameroon in ethnomedicine to cure liver diseases and jaundice. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) spectra of sample T. tetraptera showed the presence of 25 peaks and twenty volatile oils some of which are terpenoids, esters, fatty acids, alkanes, and phenols. The identified volatile oils included Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl), Limonene, 1-Methone, and Cyclohexanone. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract fruits of T. tetraptera in rats subjected to indomethacin-induced liver failure. All substances were administrated daily by oral route. Thirty-five rats including males and females were divided into 7 groups of 5 each, namely: Group I, normal rats received distilled water (5mL/kg); Group II control of extract received the highest dose (300 mg/kg); Group III, the negative group received (Indomethacin 4mg/kg + distilled water 5mL/kg); Group IV positive group received (Indomethacin 4mg/kg+ silymarin 50 mg/kg); Group V received (Indomethacin 4mg/kg+ aqueous extract 100mg/kg); Group VI received Indomethacin 4mg/kg+ aqueous extract 200mg/kg) and Group VII received (Indomethacin 4mg/kg+ aqueous extract 300mg/kg). From Group III to VII, indomethacin was administrated (4mg/kg) to induce hepatotoxicity every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday and treatment every Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday for 4 weeks. Thereafter, histological sections were examined. The body weights of the negative group decreased significantly (P˂0.001) throughout the treatment period compared to the normal group. The doses (200 and 300 mg/kg) of the extract significantly (P˂0.05) increased the liver’s index compared to the negative group. Administration of extract (300 mg/kg) significantly (P˂0.001) decreased the enzyme activity (ALT, ASP, ALP, and T. Bil) compared to the negative group. Administration of extract (300 mg/kg) significantly increased (P˂0.001) the lipid profile (Total cholesterol, TG, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) compared to the negative group. Administration of extract significantly (P˂0.001) alleviated the toxic effect of indomethacin in oxidative parameters (SOD, CAT, and GSH) compared to the negative group. Administration of extract significantly (P˂0.001) alleviated the toxic effect of indomethacin in oxidative parameters (SOD, CAT, and GSH) compared to the negative group. These results were confirmed by observation of histological sections of the liver. These results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of T. Tetraptera fruits has potential hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The control group indicated that the aqueous extract (300 mg/kg) is not toxic.
Keywords: Liver, Indomethacin, Antioxidant, Tetrapleura Tetraptera.
RÉSUMÉ
Tetrapleura tetraptera est utilisĂ© au Cameroun en ethnomĂ©decine pour soigner les maladies du foie et la jaunisse. Les spectres de chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectroscopie de masse (GC/MS) de l’Ă©chantillon de T. tetraptera montrent la prĂ©sence de 25 pics et d’une vingtaine d’huiles volatiles dont certaines sont des terpĂ©noĂŻdes, des esters, des acides gras, des alcanes et des phĂ©nols. Les huiles volatiles identifiĂ©es incluent les substances ci-apres : benzène, 1-mĂ©thyl-3-(1-mĂ©thylĂ©thyl), limonène, 1-mĂ©thone, cyclohexanone. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’expĂ©rimenter les effets hĂ©patoprotecteurs et antioxydants des extraits aqueux des fruits de T. tetraptera chez des rats soumis Ă une toxicitĂ© du foie induite par l’indomĂ©tacine. Toutes les substances ont Ă©tĂ© administrĂ©es quotidiennement par voie orale. Trente-cinq rats, mâles et femelles, ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©partis en 7 groupes de 5 rats chacun ainsi qu’il suit. Le Groupe I, rats normaux ont reçu de l’eau distillĂ©e (5 mL/kg) ; Le groupe II, contrĂ´le de l’extrait a reçu la dose la plus Ă©levĂ©e de l’extrait (300 mg/kg) ; le Groupe III, contrĂ´le nĂ©gatif a reçu (IndomĂ©tacine 4 mg/kg + eau distillĂ©e 5 mL/kg) ; le Groupe IV contrĂ´le positif a reçu (indomĂ©tacine 4 mg/kg + silymarine 50 mg/kg) ; le Groupe V a reçu (IndomĂ©tacine 4 mg/kg + extrait aqueux 100 mg/kg) ; le groupe VI a reçu (IndomĂ©tacine 4 mg/kg + extrait aqueux 200 mg/kg) et le Groupe VII a reçu (IndomĂ©tacine 4 mg/kg + extrait aqueux 300 mg/kg). Du Groupe III Ă VII, l’indomĂ©tacine a Ă©tĂ© administrĂ©e (4 mg/kg) pour induire l’hĂ©patotoxicitĂ© tous les Mardis, Jeudis, Samedis et le traitement tous les Mercredis, Vendredis et Dimanches ceci pendant 4 semaines. Par la suite, les coupes histologiques ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©es. Le poids corporel du groupe nĂ©gatif a diminuĂ© de manière significative (PË‚0,001) tout au long de la pĂ©riode de traitement par rapport au groupe normal. Les doses (200 et 300 mg/kg) de l’extrait aqueux ont augmentĂ© de manière significative (PË‚0,05) l’index du foie par rapport au groupe nĂ©gatif. L’administration de l’extrait aqueux Ă la dose de 300 mg/kg a diminuĂ© de manière significative (PË‚0,001) l’activitĂ© enzymatique (ALT, ASP, ALP et T. Bil) par rapport au groupe nĂ©gatif. L’administration de l’extrait (300 mg/kg) a augmentĂ© de manière significative (PË‚0,001) le profil lipidique (cholestĂ©rol total, TG, cholestĂ©rol HDL et cholestĂ©rol LDL) par rapport au groupe nĂ©gatif. L’administration de l’extrait a attĂ©nuĂ© de manière significative (PË‚0,001) l’effet toxique de l’indomĂ©tacine sur les paramètres oxydatifs (SOD, CAT et GSH) par rapport au groupe nĂ©gatif. Ces rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©s par l’observation des coupes histologiques du foie. En conclusion, ces rĂ©sultats ont dĂ©montrĂ© que l’extrait aqueux des fruits de T. Tetraptera possède des effets hĂ©patoprotecteurs et antioxydants. Le groupe contrĂ´le a montrĂ© que l’extrait aqueux (300 mg/kg) n’est pas toxique.
Mots clés : Foie, Indométacine, Antioxydant, Tetrapleura tetraptera.
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