CHONGSI MARGARET MARY MOMO*, TCHOFFO HERVÉ, BEND EMMA FORTUNE MAGLOIRE, NOUMBISSI MARIE NOEL BERTINE, NGOUMBE AMANG MOUSTAPHA and HAKO TOUKO BLAISE ARNAUD
University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 188, Dschang, Cameroon.
*Corresponding author: margaretchongsi@yahoo.fr, +237-676-37-96-19
Received: 09 Jan 2025, Reviewed: 04 Feb 2025, Revised: 15 Feb 2025, Accepted: 22 Feb 2025, Published: 28 Mar 2025
https://doi.org/10.63342/cjbbs2025.3301
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of Mangifera indica (mango) leaf powder (MLP) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 90 ROSS 308 broiler chicks (male and female), aged 21 days, with an average weight of 783 ± 51 g (males) and 651 ± 39 g (females), were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (T0: control, T1: 0.5% MLP, T2: 1% MLP) in a fully randomized design. Treatment started from 21 days of age to 49 days old. Live weight, average daily gain, and feed consumption were highest in chickens fed 1% MLP. Although feed conversion did not significantly differ across diets (P > 0.05), the 1% MLP group exhibited the best feed efficiency. Commercial carcass yield (CoCY) and conventional carcass yield (CvCY) were significantly higher in chickens fed 0.5% MLP, whereas the 1% MLP group showed superior growth performance. Regardless of diet, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in pancreas weight. However, intestine density and liver percentage were significantly lower in chickens fed 1% MLP. This study suggests that Mangifera indica leaf powder supplementation can enhance broiler growth and carcass characteristics, with 1% MLP improving overall growth and 0.5% MLP optimizing commercial carcass yield.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Broiler chickens, Growth performance, Mangifera indica leaf powder, Oxidative stress
RÉSUMÉ
Cette étude a évalué les effets de la poudre de feuilles de Mangifera indica (mangue) (MLP) sur les performances de croissance et les caractéristiques des carcasses de poulets de chair. Au total, 90 poussins de chair ROSS 308 (mâles et femelles), âgés de 21 jours, d’un poids moyen de 783 ± 51 g (mâles) et 651 ± 39 g (femelles), ont été répartis au hasard dans trois groupes de traitement alimentaire (T0 : contrôle, T1 : 0,5 % MLP, T2 : 1 % MLP) dans un plan entièrement randomisé. Le traitement a débuté entre l’âge de 21 jours et l’âge de 49 jours. Le poids vif, le gain quotidien moyen et la consommation alimentaire étaient les plus élevés chez les poulets nourris avec 1 % de MLP. Bien que la conversion alimentaire ne diffère pas significativement selon les régimes (P > 0,05), le groupe MLP à 1 % a présenté la meilleure efficacité alimentaire. Le rendement en carcasse commerciale (CoCY) et le rendement en carcasse conventionnelle (CvCY) étaient significativement plus élevés chez les poulets nourris avec 0,5 % de MLP, alors que le groupe avec 1 % de MLP présentait des performances de croissance supérieures. Quel que soit le régime alimentaire, aucune différence significative (P > 0,05) n’a été observée dans le poids du pancréas. Cependant, la densité intestinale et le pourcentage de foie étaient significativement plus faibles chez les poulets nourris avec 1 % de MLP. Cette étude suggère que la supplémentation en poudre de feuilles de Mangifera indica peut améliorer la croissance des poulets de chair et les caractéristiques de la carcasse, avec 1 % de MLP améliorant la croissance globale et 0,5 % de MLP optimisant le rendement commercial des carcasses.
Mots clés: Antioxydants, Poulets de chair, Performance de croissance, Poudre de feuilles de Mangifera indica, Stress oxydatif.
REFERENCES
Abdel-Fattah, S.A., El-Sanhoury, M.H., El-Mednay, N.M., Abdel-Azeem F. (2008). Thyroid Activity, Some Blood Constituents, Organs Morphology and Performance of Broiler Chicks Fed Supplemental Organic Acids. International Journal of Poultry Science 7, 215–222.
Adeyemi, K.D., Abdulrahman, A., Ibrahim, S.O., Zubair, M.F., Atolani, O., Badmos, A. (2020). Dietary supplementation of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut) seed enhances muscles n-3 Fatty acids in broiler chickens. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 122, 1900418.
Adu, O.A., Gbore, F.A., Oloruntola, O.D., Falowo, A.B., Olarotimi, O.J. (2020). The effects of Myristica fregrans seed meal and Syzygium aromaticum leaf meal dietary supplementation growth performance and oxidative status of broiler chicken. Bulletin of National Research Centre 44(1), 1-10.
Ayedemi, K.D., Seyi, M.O., Peter, S.A., Zakiyyat, A. (2021). Mango leaves and synthetic additives in broiler diets: impact on growth, caecal microbiota, immunity, blood chemistry and meat quality. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 20, 482-489.
Brisbin, J.T., Gong, J., Lusty, C.A., Sabour, P., Sanei, B., Han, Y., Sharif, S. (2008). Influence of in-feed virginiamycin on the systemic and mucosal antibody response of chickens. Poultry Science 87, 1995-1999.
Buragohain, R. (2016). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and feed efficiency in broilers fed Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal as substitute of conventional feed ingredients in Mizoram. Veterinary World 9 (5), 444-449.
Dar, A., Faizi, S., Naqvi, S., Roome, T., Zikr-ur-Rehman, S. (2005). Analgesic and antioxidant activity of mangiferin and its derivatives: the structure activity relationship. Biological and Pharmacological Bulletin 28, 596-600.
Du, B., Zhang, Y., Lan, J.C., Pan, S., Huang, Y., Chen, B., Zeng L. (2019). Prevalence, biotransformation, and maternal transfer of synthetic antioxidants in pregnant women from South China. Environmental Science and Technology 53, 13959-13969.
Du, S., Liu, H., Lei, T., Xie, X., Wang, H., He, X., Wang, Y. (2018). Mangiferin: An Effective Therapeutic Agent Against Several Disorders (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports 18(6), 4775–4786.
Enas, M.A.T., Eman, E.Y. (2022). Effect of supplementing drinking water with mango leaves extract on growth performance, plasma antioxidant, and biochemical indices of broiler chicks. Egypt. Poultry Science Journal (42) 4, 403-418.
Freitas, E.R., Borges, A.S., Trevisan, M.T.S., Watanable, P.H., Cunha, A.L., Pereira, A.L.F., Abreu, V.K.G., Nascimento, G.A.L. (2012). Extratos etano’olicos da manga como antioxidants para frangos de corte. Presq. Agropec. Bras. 47, 1025-1030.
Garcia, D.J., Leiro, R., Delgado. (2003). Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and mangiferin modulate mouse humoral immune responses. Phytotherapy Research 17, 1182-1187.
Harbourne, J.B. (1973). Phytochemical Methods – A guide to modern technique of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall. pp: 271.
Hashemi, S.R., Davoodi, H., 2012. Herbal plants as new immuno-stimulator in poultry industry: a review. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7, 105-116.
Karuppanan, M., Krishnan, M., Padarthi, P., Namasivayam, E. (2014). Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Mangifera Indica Leaf Extracts against Mercuric Chloride-induced Liver Toxicity in Mice. Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology 4, 18-24.
Luo, F., Lv, Q., Zhao, Y., Hu, G., Huang, G., Zhang, J., Chen, K. (2012). Quantification and purification of mangiferin from Chinese mango (Mangifera indica L) cultivars and its protective effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells under H2O2 -induced stress. International Journal of Molecular Science 13 (9), 11260- 11274.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A., Wilkison, R.C. (2022). Animal nutrition, 7th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical. Essex, UK. 750.
Merar (2015). Investment proposal for a poultry farm in Cameroon. Retrieved from http://www.merar.com/meeting place//. (Accessed 05 February 2017)
Mbodiam BR. 2018. Business in Cameroon. 1-5.
Mirza, R.H., Nan, C., Yuling, C. (2013). Therapeutic potential of the natural product Mangiferin metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Nutrition and Therapy 2(2), 74-79.
Mishra, B., Jha, R. (2019). Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: potential challenges and interventions. Frontiers in Veterinary Sciences 6, 60.
Okwu, D.E., Ezenagu, V. (2008). Evaluation of the phytochemical composition of Mango (Mangifera indica L) stem bark and leaves. International Journal of Chemical Science 6, 705-716.
Park, J.H., Kang, S.N., Shin, D., Shim, K.S. (2015). Antioxidant enzyme activity and meat quality of meat type ducks fed with dried oregano (Origanum vulgare L) powder. Asian Austral. Journal of Animal Science 28, 49.
Tequia, R.Y., Beynen, CT. (2004). Disarray in Food market: A quantitative Assessment. Journal of Agricultural Economics 44, 418-427.
Tharanathan, N.R., Yashoda, H.M., Prabha, T.N. (2006). Mango (Mangifera indica L), “The king of fruits”-an overview. Food Reviews International 22, 95-123.
Vidanarachchi, J.K., Mikkelsen, L.L., Sims, I., Iji, P.A., Choc, M. (2005). Phytobiotics alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in monogastric animal feeds. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition –Australia 15, 131-144.
Yang, Y., Iji, P.A., Choc, M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. World’s Poultry Science Journal 65, 97-114.
Zhang, Y.N., Wang, J., Qi, B., Wu, S.G., Chen, H.R., Luo, H.Y., Qi, G.H. (2017). Evaluation of mango saponin in broilers: effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and plasma biochemical indices. Asian – Australian Journal of Animal Science 30, 1143–1149.